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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CRIMINAL JUDGMENTS OF SUPERIOR COURTS [VOLUME – I] (A - J) C O N T E N T S A Sr. Page No. 1. A man should not be vexed twice 10 2. Abatement of revision 10 3. Abducting or kidnapping for ransom 11 4. Abduction and unnatural offence 12 5. Abduction for ransom—Burden of proof 12 6. Abduction or kidnapping for ransom 12 7. Abetment 13 8. Abscondance of accused 13 9. Abscondance to avoid service of warrant 16 10. Absconder from law 17 11. Absconding accused—acquittal of 17 12. Absence of incriminating evidence 17 13. Acceptance of nomination papers 18 14. Accountability Court rejected applications of petitioners 18 15. Accused acquitted under S.249-A, Cr.P.C. 18 16. Accused avoiding to cross-examination witness 19 17. Accused filed application under S.265-K, Cr.P.C. 19 18. Accused had a motive for the occurrence 19 19. Accused had committed the murder of the deceased 20 20. Accused had sustained fire-arm injuries 20 21. Accused not given opportunity to produce defence evidence 20 22. Accused person was acquitted of charge by the Trial Court 20 23. Accused was acquitted by Trial Court 21 24. Accused was acquitted under S.265-K, Cr.P.C. 21 25. Accused was convicted by Trial Court 21 26. Accused was found innocent during police investigation 21 27. Accused was identified by two prosecution witnesses 22 28. Accused was released under S.249, Cr.P.C. 22 29. Accused was singularly charged for murder of deceased 22 30. Accused was squarely charged in the promptly lodged F.I.R. 23 31. Accused was unrepresented 23 32. Accused were charged under S. 302/34, P. P. C. 23 33. Accused were nominated in promptly recorded F.I.R. 24 34. Accused/respondents having filed applications under S.249-A, Cr.P.C. 24 35. Acquittal at any stage 25 36. Acquittal by compounding offence of murder 25 37. Acquittal by High Court without assigning cogent reasons 26 38. Acquittal from charge 26 39. Acquittal of accused at any stage 26 40. Acquittal of accused by High Court 27 41. Acquittal of accused on ground of compromise 27 42. Acquittal of accused person by Special Court 27 43. Acquittal of accused persons 27 44. Acquittal of accused tried in absentia 28 45. Acquittal of accused 28 46. Acquittal of accused—Locus standi 29 47. Acquittal on basis of compromise 29 48. Acquittal under provisions of S.265-K, Cr.P.C. 30 49. Acquittal was dismissed by the Trial Court 30 50. Acquittal—application for under S.311, P.P.C. 30 51. Acquitted under S. 249-A, Cr.P.C. 31 52. Act of a person of unsound mind 31 53. Act of Judge when acting judicially 32 54. Action when report was doubtful 33 55. Actus curiae neminem gravabit 33 56. Ad interim pre-arrest bail—confirmation of 33 57. Additional evidence—Principle 34 58. Additional evidence—recording of 35 59. Adequate remedy 35 60. Adjudication of such petitions 35 61. Administration of justice 37 62. Admissibility and its consideration as dying declaration 39 63. Admission by accused—Failure to put such question to accused 39 64. Admission of guilt by the accused 39 65. Admission of presence of narcotic in the vehicle 40 66. Admitted facts 40 67. Affidavit in proof of conduct of subordinate court 40 68. Affidavit presented by accused in support of bail application 41 69. Affidavit qua non-prosecution of case by complainant 41 70. After completion of investigation and submission of challan before trial Court 41 71. Age determination of—Juvenile court 42 72. Age of accused—Determination 42 73. Aiding—abetment or association in narcotic offences 42 74. Air pollution caused by vehicular emission 43 75. All the incriminating evidence were put to the accused while recording statement under S. 342 Cr.P.C. 43 76. All the prosecution witnesses were interested 44 77. All witnesses were Police officials 44 78. Allegation of blasphemy involving death sentence 44 79. Allegation of fraud on private persons and officials 45 80. Allegation of leaving un-signed judgments/orders by Judicial Officer 46 81. Allegation of use of derogatory remarks 46 82. Alleged abductee negating prosecution version 47 83. Allegedly five KG charas garda was recovered from the possession of accused 47 84. Alteration of charge 47 85. Alteration or addition of charge 48 86. Alteration or review of judgment by Chief Court 48 87. Altering of charge 48 88. Alternate and adequate remedy 49 89. Alternate and efficacious remedy 49 90. Alternate remedy not exhausted 50 91. Alternate remedy 50 92. Alternate remedy—availability of 52 93. Alternative punishment—providing of 52 94. Alternative sentences 52 95. Ambiguity as to identity of accused 53 96. Amendment in statement recorded under S.242, Cr.P.C. 53 97. Amendment of charge 53 98. Amendment—retrospective effect of 55 99. Anti-narcotics Force—Functions 56 100. Anti-Terrorism Court—jurisdiction of 56 101. Apealable offence 57 102. Appeal against acquittal filed by aggrieved person 57 103. Appeal against acquittal of accused by High Court 57 104. Appeal against acquittal 57 105. Appeal against acquittal—dismissal of 196 106. Appeal against conviction arid sentence 197 107. Appeal against conviction order passed by the Trial Court 197 108. Appeal against dismissal of complaint 198 109. Appeal against interlocutory order 198 110. Appeal before High Court—Maintainability 198 111. Appeal from sentence of High Court under S. 411-A, Cr.P.C. 199 112. Appeal to High Court in certain cases 200 113. Appellate jurisdiction under S. 417, Cr.P.C. 200 114. Applicability and scope of S.338-F, P.P.C. 200 115. Applicability of S. 561-A, Cr.P.C. 200 116. Applicability of S.103, Cr.P.C. 201 117. Applicability of S.369, Cr.P.C. 201 118. Application filed by accused persons under S.265-K, Cr.P.C. 201 119. Application filed under S.193, Cr.P.C. 202 120. Application for acquittal 202 121. Application for amendment of charge 204 122. Application for attaching injury memo and medical reports 205 123. Application for cancellation of bail—refusal of 205 124. Application for cancellation of F.I.R. 206 125. Application for cancellation of pre-arrest bail 206 126. Application for compounding of offence 206 127. Application for fresh analysis of the contraband 207 128. Application for quashing of FIR 207 129. Application for quashing of order 208 130. Application for quashing of proceedings 211 131. Application for quashment of NAB Reference—dismissal of 211 132. Application for quashment of proceedings—dismissal of 212 133. Application for registration of criminal case to Justice of Peace 212 134. Application for registration of criminal case 212 135. Application for rehearing of appeal 213 136. Application for re-investigation of the case under S. 561-A, Cr.P.C. 213 137. Application for summoning prosecution witness—dismissal of 214 138. Application for summoning the register of mortuary 214 139. Application for superdari of vehicle 215 140. Application for transfer of case from Anti-Terrorism Court to Court of ordinary jurisdiction 215 141. Application for transfer of case 215 142. Application of accused brought under S.265-K, Cr.P.C. 217 143. Application of rule of consistency 217 144. Application of summoning prosecution witness 217 145. Application of summoning the 'Call Detail Report (C.D.R.) 218 146. Application seeking permission to place on record attested copies of Birth Certificates of the accused 218 147. Application to Ex-officio Justice of Peace 219 148. Application under S. 265-K Cr.P.C. 219 149. Application under S.22-A, Cr.P.C. 221 150. Appraisal of evidence 221 151. Appreciation of evidence 226 152. Appreciation of evidence—Benefit of doubt 388 153. Appreciation of evidence—Burden of proof 429 154. Appreciation of evidence—Confession 429 155. Appreciation of evidence—Consolidated sample 430 156. Appreciation of evidence—Cross-version 431 157. Appreciation of evidence—Defence plea 431 158. Appreciation of evidence—Local inspection 432 159. Appreciation of evidence—Recovery witnesses 432 160. Appreciation of evidence—Related witnesses 433 161. Approver—evidence of—Corroboration 433 162. Approver—testimony of 433 163. Arbitration award by Registrar 434 164. Arrest and detention of suspected persons 434 165. Arrest and detention—safeguard against 434 166. Arrest and prosecution—procedure of 435 167. Arrest and search 435 168. Arrest and searches—Search to be made in presence of witnesses 435 169. Arrest in foreign country 435 170. Arrest not necessary 436 171. Arrest of accused during investigation 436 172. Arrest of proclaimed offender 436 173. Arrest was kept pending by the police 436 174. Arrest without warrant—police—powers of 437 175. Arrested in a criminal case 437 176. Arsh—amount of—Re-determination 438 177. Articles connected with narcotics 438 178. Articles connected with narcotics—confiscation of 440 179. Assessment of evidence 440 180. Assets beyond means—Vicarious liability 440 181. Association of private witnesses 440 182. Assumption of jurisdiction by Juvenile Court 441 183. Assumption of jurisdiction 441 184. Assumption of suo motu jurisdiction by Supreme Court 441 185. At the time of recording the accused's statement under S. 342, Cr.P.C. 441 186. Attempt to commit qatl-i-amd 442 187. Audi alteram partem 445 188. Authority of District police Officer 446 189. Availability of alternate remedy of private complaint 446 190. Availability of alternate remedy 446 191. Availability of benefit of 5.382-B, Cr.P.C. 447 192. Availability of incriminating evidence 447 193. Award of Government remissions to accused 448 194. Award of lesser punishment by Trial Court 448 195. Awarding of death penalty 448 196. Awarding of sentence in case 448 197. Awarding punishment of Qisas 449 B Sr. Page No. 1. Bail 451 2. Bail before arrest 454 3. Bail before arrest—confirmation of 454 4. Bail before arrest—grant of 454 5. Bail grant of—Further inquiry 455 6. Bail in offences against the society and the Country for money 457 7. Bail not to be granted in respect of certain offences 457 8. Bail on ground of statutory delay 457 9. Bail on medical grounds 457 10. Bail on the ground of statutory delay 458 11. Bail to a juvenile 458 12. Bail was granted to the accused during pendency of the trial 458 13. Bail—cancellation of 458 14. Bail—dismissal of 464 15. Bail—grant of—Benefit of doubt 464 16. Bail—grant of 464 17. Bail—grant of—Case of hardship 502 18. Bail—grant of—Further inquiry 503 19. Bail—grant or refusal of 524 20. Bail—Principle 525 21. Bail—recalling of 526 22. Bail—refusal of 526 23. Bail—Under S.18, Protection of Pakistan Act 552 24. Ballistic Expert's Report was positive 552 25. Beneficiary of crime proceeds 552 26. Benefit of doubt 553 27. Benefit of doubt—grant of 578 28. Benefit of doubt—Surprise evidence 578 29. Benefit of S. 382-B, Cr.P.C. 579 30. Benefit of S.382-B. Cr.P.C.—award of 579 31. Better copy of FIR 580 32. Bipolar Affective Disorder 580 33. Both the detenus were recovered by bailiff appointed by High Court from illegal custody of police 580 34. Burden of proof 581 C Sr. Page No. 1. Calling the accused persons to face trial 595 2. Cancellation of bail granted to accused by High Court under S.426(1), Cr.P.C. 595 3. Cancellation of bail 595 4. Cancellation of bail—petition for 599 5. Cancellation of bail—refusal of 599 6. Cancellation of case 600 7. Cancellation of F.I.R. 600 8. Cancellation of pre-arrest bail—refusal of 602 9. Cancellation of report prepared by the Police 602 10. Cancellation of superdari 603 11. Carrying of weapon by accused 604 12. Case for custody of minors 604 13. Case found fit for issuance of process by High Court 604 14. Case involved murder of three innocent persons 605 15. Case of further inquiry 605 16. Case of prosecution mostly rested on confession 605 17. Case property—non-production of 606 18. Case remanded by High Court for retrial before an ordinary Court 606 19. Case sent to Special Court 607 20. Case was of a daylight occurrence 607 21. Cases involving public servant 608 22. Cases of offences by body corporate 608 23. Categorizing of sentence 609 24. Causing disappearance of evidence of offence 609 25. Causing disappearance of evidence of offence—common intention 612 26. Causing disappearance of evidence 613 27. Causing hurt by means of poison—lurking house-trespass 613 28. Causing Shajjah—criminal intimidation 614 29. Certified copies of First Information Report 615 30. Certified copies of public documents 615 31. Chain of custody and safe transmission of narcotic to laboratory 615 32. Chain of safe custody 616 33. Chance and interested witnesses 616 34. Change of investigation after commencement of trial 617 35. Change of investigation 618 36. Change of investigation—Joint investigation team 622 37. Change/transfer of investigation after submission of challan 622 38. Charge of misconduct 622 39. Charge of selling fake—substandard 623 40. Charge of smuggling narcotics 623 41. Charge sheet framing of 623 42. Charge—framing of 624 43. Cheating and criminal breach of trust 624 44. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property 625 45. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property—criminal breach of trust 627 46. Cheating by personation 627 47. Cheating members of public at large 628 48. Cheating—forgery—violation of privacy of information 629 49. Cheating—corruption and misconduct 629 50. Cheating—forgery of valuable properly 630 51. Cheating—forgery—using as genuine a forged document 631 52. Chemical analysis of narcotics 631 53. Chemical Examiner and Serologist report 632 54. Chemical Examiner Report 632 55. Cheque dishonoured 634 56. Child eye-witness 635 57. Child marriage 635 58. Circumstantial evidence 635 59. Circumstantial evidence—Motive 640 60. Civil and criminal cases—Simultaneous hearing 640 61. Civil and criminal proceedings 641 62. Claimed benefit as provided under S.382-B, Cr.P.C. 641 63. Closure of right of cross examination 641 64. Cognizance by Court of Session 642 65. Cognizance by court 642 66. Cognizance of offence by Magistrate 643 67. Cognizance of offence on reference 643 68. Cognizance of offence 643 69. Cognizance of offence—investigation 644 70. Cognizance of offence—procedure 644 71. Cognizance of offence 644 72. Collection of vital evidence—DNA testing 649 73. Commission of a cognizable offence 649 74. Commission of offence of Qazf 649 75. Commission of offence—Onus to prove 649 76. Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority 650 77. Commitment for trial 650 78. Common intention 650 79. Common intention—act of terrorism 652 80. Common intention—Proof 652 81. Common intention—Vicarious liability 652 82. Company Judge against appellant 653 83. Comparison 653 84. Compensation to the injured person 654 85. Compensation 654 86. Compensation—award of 654 87. Compensation—imposition of 655 88. Compensation—reduction of 655 89. Competence of witnesses 655 90. Complainant alleged in F.I.R. 656 91. Complainant and recovery witness supporting the prosecution version 656 92. Complainant as Investigating Officer 656 93. Complainant as well as the Medical Officers 657 94. Complainant filed application before Justice of Peace under S.22-A, Cr.P.C. 657 95. Complainant gave two versions of same occurrence 658 96. Complainant had lodged the F.I.R. 658 97. Complainant lodged FIR against the accused 659 98. Complainant was aggrieved of acquittal of accused persons by Trial Court 659 99. Complainant was not eye-witness of the occurrence 659 100. Complainant—locus standi of 660 101. Complainant—resiling of 660 102. Complainant—role of 661 103. Complaint against dispossession 661 104. Complaint against—Investigation and procedure 661 105. Complaint by Election Commission—Engaging a private counsel 662 106. Complaint dismissed for non-prosecution 662 107. Complaint filed by consumer 662 108. Complaint in case of fornication 663 109. Complaint of polygamy—Sentence 663 110. Complaint to be made by the same Judicial Officer 664 111. Complaint to Special Judge 664 112. Complaint under Ss.499/500, P.P.C. 664 113. Complaint was dismissed by the Trial Court 664 114. Complaint—filing of 665 115. Complaint—Revision 665 116. Compounding of offence 666 117. Compounding of offence—procedure 678 118. Compounding of right of "Qisas" by legal heirs of the deceased 678 119. Compounding of right of Qisas in Qatl-i-Amd 678 120. Compounding of right of Qisas 679 121. Compromise at bail stage 679 122. Compromise between accused and legal heirs of deceased 679 123. Compromise between accused 680 124. Compromise between Muslims and non-Muslims 680 125. Compromise between parties 680 126. Compromise for Ta'zir—Prerequisites 684 127. Compromise in case of Tazir 684 128. Compromise was arrived at between legal heirs of deceased 684 129. Compromise with accused 684 130. Compromise with heirs of deceased—genuineness of 685 131. Compromise 685 132. Concept of "further inquiry"—Applicability 698 133. Concurrent running of punishments 699 134. Concurrent running of sentences of life imprisonment on three counts 699 135. Conditions for seeking interference under S.561-A, Cr.P.C. 699 136. Condonation of delay in filing appeal against conviction 700 137. Condonation of delay 700 138. Condonation of delay—application for 701 139. Confession by accused 701 140. Confession made by accused during trial 702 141. Confession recorded on Compact Disc (CD) 702 142. Confession to police officer not to be proved 703 143. Confessional statement before Judicial Magistrate—retraction from 703 144. Confessional statement of accused lady 703 145. Confessional statement of accused on oath 704 146. Confessional statement of accused persons 704 147. Confessional statement of accused—Infirmities 705 148. Confessional statement of accused 706 149. Confessional statement of accused—Infirmities 716 150. Confessional statement of accused—recording of 707 151. Confessional statement of co-accused was recorded on oath 717 152. Confessional statement of co-accused 717 153. Confessional statement of co-accused—Infirmities 718 154. Confessional statement 718 155. Confessional statement—Corroboration 722 156. Confessional statement—Prompt FIR 722 157. Confessional statement—recording of 723 158. Confessional statement—retraction of 725 159. Confessional statements of accused persons 728 160. Confession—Meaning 729 161. Confession—recording of—Infirmities 729 162. Confession—recording of 729 163. Confession—scope and admissibility of 730 164. Confirmation of death sentence 732 165. Confiscation of articles connected with narcotics 732 166. Confiscation of vehicle allegedly involved in offence 733 167. Confiscation of vehicle used for trafficking narcotics 733 168. Confiscation of vehicle used in smuggling of narcotics 733 169. Conscious knowledge of accused regarding presence of narcotics 734 170. Conscious knowledge of accused 734 171. Conscious possession of narcotics 734 172. Conscious possession—Proof 734 173. Consent for conduct of such test 735 174. Consolidated trial 735 175. Consolidation of bags recovered from accused 735 176. Consolidation of References 736 177. Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Art. 185(3) 736 178. Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Art. 199 762 179. Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Art.203-D 772 180. Constitution of Special Court 772 181. Constitutional jurisdiction of High Court 773 182. Constitutional jurisdiction 774 183. Constitutional mandate 775 184. Constitutional petition against revisional order 776 185. Constitutional petition before High Court 776 186. Constitutional petition for quashing of proceedings 777 187. Constitutional petition 778 188. Constitutional petition—Disinterment 786 189. Constitutional petition—Jurisdiction 786 190. Constitutional petition—Maintainability 787 191. Constructive liability—compounding of 789 192. Consultation and deliberation 789 193. Contempt of court proceedings 789 194. Contempt of Court 790 195. Contempt of court—Power to initiate proceedings 791 196. Contempt of court—proceedings for 791 197. Contempt proceedings 791 198. Contentions were that eye-witness account 792 199. Contentions were that medical evidence 792 200. Contents of judgment 792 201. Contracting marriage by sui juris lady 795 202. Contradiction in evidence 795 203. Contradiction in medical and ocular evidence 796 204. Contradiction in statements of witnesses 796 205. Contradictions in the evidence 797 206. Contradictions in the murasila and recovery memo 798 207. Contradictions in the statement of witnesses 798 208. Contradictory statements 803 209. Control of Narcotic Substances 804 210. Conversion of constitutional petition into appeal 805 211. Conversion of conviction and sentences 805 212. Conversion of defence plea of accused FIR 805 213. Conversion of proceedings 806 214. Conversion of revision into appeal 806 215. Converting death penalty into life imprisonment 806 216. Converting of sentence 807 217. Convicted under S.337-D, P.P.C. 807 218. Conviction and sentence awarded in absence of the accused 807 219. Conviction and sentence in absconsion 808 220. Conviction and sentence on basis of confession of accused 809 221. Conviction and sentence—effect upon 809 222. Conviction and sentence—recording of 811 223. Conviction at the time of framing of charge 811 224. Conviction by Foreign Court and compatibility with law of Pakistan 812 225. Conviction of accused under S.409, P.P.C. 812 226. Conviction on retracted confession 812 227. Conviction on the sole basis of extra judicial confession 813 228. Conviction on the testimony of solitary witness 813 229. Conviction under one enactment 813 230. Correction of error in judgment 813 231. Corroboratory evidence 814 232. Corroboratory evidence—non-availability of 814 233. Corruption and corrupt practice 814 234. Counterfeiting a trade mark 815 235. Counterfeit—offence of 815 236. Court while convicting and sentencing the accused under S.75, P.P.C. 815 237. Courts had to decide the cases within the framework of law 816 238. Credibility of such testimony 816 239. Crime weapon—Custody unexplained 816 240. Crime weapon—non-exhibition of 816 241. Crime weapon—Recovery from public place 817 242. Criminal and Civil proceedings against the defaulter 817 243. Criminal breach of trust by public servant 817 244. Criminal breach of trust 822 245. Criminal breach of trust—criminal misconduct 827 246. Criminal Breach of trust—definition of 828 247. Criminal case was registered against accused person 828 248. Criminal force to deter public servant 829 249. Criminal intimidation and fornication 829 250. Criminal intimidation 829 251. Criminal intimidation—assault 830 252. Criminal investigation 830 253. Criminal justice system in Pakistan—deficiencies in 831 254. Criminal Misconduct and illegal gratification received by public servant 831 255. Criminal misconduct of public servant 831 256. Criminal misconduct 832 257. Criminal misconduct—cheating and forgery 835 258. Criminal proceedings 835 259. Criminal revision 836 260. Criminal trespass 837 261. Criminal trespass—Punishment 837 262. Cross-examination by accused himself 837 263. Cross-examination of accused 837 264. Cross-version in murder case 837 265. Cursory statement non-recording of 838 266. Custody and disposal of 838 267. Custody of minor 839 268. Custody of minors—Habeous corpus 840 269. Custody of motor car on Superdari 840 270. Custody of property case 841 271. Custody of vehicle used in transportation of narcotic 841 272. Custody of vehicle 842 273. Cyber terrorism—Hate speech 842 D Sr. Page No. 1. Dacoity and dishonestly receiving stolen property 851 2. Dacoity and possessing arms 851 3. Dacoity with murder and abetment 852 4. Dacoity with murder and act of terrorism 852 5. Dacoity with murder 853 6. Dacoity—possessing unlicensed arms 853 7. De novo inquiry without direction/permission of the Court 854 8. Dead body of deceased was recovered from the possession of accused 854 9. Deaf and dumb witness—evidence of 855 10. Death in police custody 856 11. Death of accused during pendency of appeal 856 12. Death sentence awarded by Anti-Terrorism Court 856 13. Death sentence—confirmation of 857 14. Death sentence—propriety of 857 15. Death warrant—issuance of 857 16. Death—sentence—award of 858 17. Deceased contributing to his own death 858 18. Deceased himself lodged F.I.R. 858 19. Declaration of a person as goonda—Requirements 859 20. Declaring a witness hostile 859 21. Decree—execution of 860 22. Defamation 861 23. Defamation—Complaint—dismissal of 862 24. Defamation—Council of complaints 862 25. Defamation—Private complaint 862 26. Default in payment of installments of lease money 863 27. Defective charge 863 28. Defective charge—Failure to specify proper provision of law 864 29. Defective examination of accused under S.342, Cr.P.C. 864 30. Defective identification parade 864 31. Defective investigation 865 32. Defence had not challenged the merits of the case 865 33. Defence plea at belated stage 865 34. Defence plea of false implication not proved 865 35. Defence plea of sudden and grave provocation 866 36. Defence plea on the face of it appeared to be false—rather preposterous 866 37. Defence plea 866 38. Defence plea—False implication 866 39. Defence plea—Proof 868 40. Defence version 868 41. Defence witness 868 42. Defiance of court orders 868 43. Definition—Trial proceedings 869 44. Delay in conclusion of trial due to determination of age of accused 869 45. Delay in conclusion of trial 870 46. Delay in dispatch of sample for test or analysis 873 47. Delay in dispatching samples 874 48. Delay in filing reference 875 49. Delay in initiation of forfeiture proceedings 875 50. Delay in lodging F.I.R. was satisfactorily explained 875 51. Delay in lodging F.I.R. 876 52. Delay in making the F.I.R. 881 53. Delay in producing of witnesses 881 54. Delay in recording confessional statement of accused 882 55. Delay in recording confessional statement 883 56. Delay in recording statement of eye-witness 883 57. Delay in recording statement of witness 883 58. Delay in recording statements of witnesses by police 883 59. Delay in recording statement under S. 161, Cr.P.C. 884 60. Delay in recording supplementary statement 887 61. Delay in recording the confession of accused 887 62. Delay in recording the confessional statement of accused 887 63. Delay in recording the statement of complainant and witness by police 887 64. Delay in recording the statement of witnesses under S.164 Cr.P.C. 889 65. Delay in recording the statement of witnesses 889 66. Delay in registration of F.I.R. 890 67. Delay in registration of FIR and in conducting autopsies 890 68. Delay in reporting the matter to the Police 891 69. Delay in sending case property to Forensic Laboratory 891 70. Delay in sending case property 892 71. Delay in sending contraband to Forensic Science Laboratory 892 72. Delay in sending recovered narcotic 892 73. Delay in sending recovered narcotics to Forensic Laboratory 893 74. Delay in sending sample for chemical examination 894 75. Delay in sending samples of contraband for analysis 895 76. Delay in sending samples of narcotics for chemical analysis 897 77. Delay in sending samples of recovered contraband to Forensic Science Laboratory 897 78. Delay in sending samples to Forensic Laboratory 898 79. Delay in sending weapon to Forensic Laboratory 899 80. Delay in transmission of narcotics to Chemical Exmainer 899 81. Delay in trial 900 82. Delay in trial—Grant or refusal of bail 901 83. Delay of 24 hours in lodging an F.I.R. 901 84. Delay of about five days in sending recovered samples to the Forensic Science Laboratory 901 85. Delay of about four days in lodging FIR 902 86. Delay of about four days in sending the recovered weapon for analysis 902 87. Delay of about more than nine hours in lodging the FIR 902 88. Delay of about one month in lodging the FIR 903 89. Delay of about seventeen days in recording the statement of witness 903 90. Delay of about sixteen days in lodging the FIR 903 91. Delay of about three years in recording the statement of eye-witness 904 92. Delay of about twenty four days in lodging the FIR 904 93. Delay of about twenty one days in lodging of FIR 904 94. Delay of about two days in recording the statements of injured witnesses by police 904 95. Delay of five days in registration of F.I.R. 904 96. Delay of four days in recording confessional statement of appellant 905 97. Delay of lodging the complaint 905 98. Delay of more than four hours in lodging FIR 905 99. Delay of more than four years 906 100. Delay of nine years in reporting murder 906 101. Delay of three months in lodging of F.I.R. 907 102. Delay of two hours in recording the statement of eye-witness under S.161, Cr.P.C. 907 103. Delay on forensic analysis 907 104. Delay—condonation of 908 105. Delayed FIR—Non-mentioning of name of accused in FIR 908 106. Delayed FIR 908 107. Delayed FIR—Delay in recording statement under S.161, Cr.P.C. 909 108. Delayed supplementary statement 909 109. Demand for cash security 909 110. Deportation of foreign national during pendency of criminal cases 910 111. De-sealing of parcels during the course of cross-examination 910 112. De-sealing of samples by complainant and safe transmission of samples to the Chemical Examiner not established 910 113. Desperate and hardened criminal 911 114. Destruction of case property—pending trial 911 115. Destruction of narcotics 912 116. Destruction of recovered narcotic 912 117. Detailed investigation to be conducted by police 912 118. Detention of juveniles accused of criminal offence(s) 913 119. Detention of three minor boys by police 913 120. Detention orders—quashing of 914 121. Detention under executive order 914 122. Detenus—recovery of 914 123. Determination of age of the accused 916 124. Determination—FIR—object of 916 125. Determining jurisdiction of Anti-Terrorism Court 916 126. Diminishing liability—principle of 916 127. Direct private complaint 917 128. Direct—In terms of Art. 2(v-a) of the police order, 2002 917 129. Direction for arrest of accused sought 917 130. Direction for registration of FIR 918 131. Director of Intelligence 918 132. Discharge of accused by Magistrate 919 133. Discharge of accused by the Trial Court before framing of charge 919 134. Discharge of accused under S.169, Cr.P.C. 920 135. Discharge of accused 921 136. Discharge of accused—Complainant as investigating officer 922 137. Discharged by Judicial Magistrate under S. 63, Cr.P.C. 922 138. Disclosure of accused 923 139. Disclosure of identity of accused 923 140. Disclosure/confession 924 141. Discrepancies and contradictions in statements of witnesses 924 142. Discretionary power of the Court—exercise of 925 143. Dishonest improvement 925 144. Dishonest improvements—Delayed statement 925 145. Dishonestly inducing delivery of property 926 146. Dishonestly issuing a cheque and cheating 927 147. Dishonestly receiving stolen property in the commission of a dacoity 931 148. Dishonestly receiving stolen property 931 149. Dishonouring of cheque—Contractual liability 931 150. Disinterment of dead body 931 151. Dismissal for absence of complainant 932 152. Dismissal of application by Justice of Peace 932 153. Dismissal of application by Trial Court 933 154. Dismissal of application 933 155. Dismissal of complaint 934 156. Dismissal of first bail application 935 157. Dismissed the private complaint 935 158. Dispatch of material to Forensic Science Laboratory 936 159. Dispatch of sample for test of analysis 936 160. Dispensing with personal attendance of accused 937 161. Disposal of persons arrested and articles seized 938 162. Disposal of property regarding which offence committed 938 163. Disposal/destruction of recovered narcotic 938 164. Dispute between co-sharers 939 165. Disqualification of candidate 939 166. Distinction and connotation 939 167. Diyat money—Payment in installments 940 168. Di'yat—non-awarding of 940 169. Diyat—payment of 940 170. Diyat—recovery of 941 171. Doctrine of "diminish responsibility" 941 172. Doctrine of intelligible differentia 942 173. Documentary evidence 942 174. Double jeopardy—doctrine of 943 175. Double jeopardy—principle of 944 176. Double jeopardy—Scope and protection 947 177. Double presumption of innocence 948 178. Double punishment—protection against 949 179. Doubt regarding free will in admission of guilt 949 180. During pendency of F.I.R. 950 181. Duties of Investigating Officer 950 182. Duty of court 951 183. Duty of Investigating officer 952 184. Duty of prosecution as to proof 952 185. Duty of Public Prosecutor 952 186. Dying declaration by victim 953 187. Dying declaration made by the deceased 954 188. Dying declaration 954 189. Dying declaration—recording of 954 E Sr. Page No. 1. Early disposal of cases 958 2. Effect of insertion of subsection (2-A) in S.417, Cr.P.C. on the pending proceedings 959 3. Effect on criminal trial 959 4. Ejectement order—execution of 960 5. Election Tribunal dismissed appeal 960 6. Embezzlement by government employee 961 7. Embezzlement—corruption and corrupt practices 961 8. Enactment of criminal law 962 9. Enhanced punishment after previous conviction 962 10. Enhancement of sentence-challenged 962 11. Enmity existed between the parties 963 12. Entitlement to Superdari 963 13. Essential ingredients to constitute an offence under section 376, P.P.C. 963 14. Essential witnesses—summoning of 964 15. Estoppel against law 964 16. Evidence in absence of accused 965 17. Evidence not put to accused 965 18. Evidence not taken in presence of accused 965 19. Evidence of child witness 966 20. Evidence of motive and Wajtakar were false and fabricated 966 21. Evidence of police employee 966 22. Evidence on oath—non-giving of 967 23. Evidence on record did not implicate the accused in the case in any manner 967 24. Evidence to be taken in presence of accused 967 25. Evidence—recording of 968 26. Evidentiary value and admissibility 969 27. Evidentiary value of a retracted confession 969 28. Evidentiary value 969 29. Evidentiary value—Determination of 969 30. Examination of accused under S.342, Cr.P.C. 970 31. Examination of accused 970 32. Examination of complainant 978 33. Examination of witness by police 978 34. Examination of witnesses 980 35. Examination under S.342, Cr.P.C. 981 36. Examination-in-chief—admissibility of 982 37. Examining accused as court witness 982 38. Excise Officials as recovery witnesses—Competence 982 39. Exclusion of applicability of S. 103, Cr.P.C. 983 40. Exclusive jurisdiction lies with Magistrate 983 41. Exclusive jurisdiction of Juvenile Court 983 42. Executive Magistrates were given judicial powers 984 43. Exemption from appearance in Court refused to accused 985 44. Exemption from personal appearance granted to accused 985 45. Exemption from personal appearance of accused 985 46. Exemption of accused for appearance in the court 986 47. Exercise of inherent powers by High Court 986 48. Existence of alternate remedy 987 49. Ex-Officio Justice of Peace—jurisdiction of 987 50. Ex-officio Justice of Peace 987 51. Expression 'public at large'—Scope 994 52. Extension of benefit of S.382-B, Cr.P.C. 995 53. Extension of period of detention 996 54. Extradition order—Prima facie evidence 996 55. Extra-judicial confession made to police 997 56. Extra-judicial confession 997 57. Extra-judicial killing by police officials 1000 58. Eye-witness had made contradictory statements 1000 59. Eyewitnesses despite being the father 1000 60. Eyewitnesses had no reason or motive 1001 61. Eye-witnesses were consistent on material points 1001 62. Eye-witnesses were the natural witnesses of the occurrence 1002 63. Eye-witnesses—credibility of 1002 F Sr. Page No. 1. F.I.R. was lodged belatedly 1007 2. F.I.R. been lodged with reasonable promptitude 1007 3. F.I.R. about the occurrence was not a belated one 1008 4. F.I.R. had been promptly lodged assigning to accused 1008 5. F.I.R. had been registered after due deliberation 1008 6. F.I.R. was delayed about 5 hours which had not been explained 1008 7. F.I.R. was delayed 1009 8. F.I.R. was lodged after inordinate delay and deliberations 1010 9. F.I.R. was lodged against unknown persons 1010 10. F.I.R. was lodged with a delay of 24 hours 1011 11. F.I.R. was lodged with the delay 1011 12. F.I.R. was promptly lodged 1011 13. F.I.R. was promptly recorded without any deliberation 1015 14. F.I.R. was promptly registered 1015 15. F.I.R. which was promptly recorded and it was daylight occurrence 1015 16. F.I.Rs. had made derogatory 1016 17. Fabricating false evidence 1016 18. Fabrication of false evidence and issuance of false certificate by doctors 1016 19. Factual controversy 1017 20. Failure of Analysts to apply test protocols 1018 21. Failure of Analysts to mention full protocols of tests applied 1018 22. Failure of prosecution to prove motive for offence 1019 23. Failure of prosecution to separate sample from each parcel 1019 24. Failure to associate private witnesses 1019 25. Failure to establish conscious possession of narcotic 1019 26. Failure to mention full protocols in test report 1020 27. Failure to prepare parcel on the spot 1020 28. Failure to put incriminating evidence to accused 1021 29. Failure to show IEE/EIA approval 1021 30. Fair trial—concept of 1021 31. Fair trial—right of 1022 32. Fake recovery—planting of 1023 33. False complaint—Remedy 1023 34. False evidence 1023 35. False implication 1024 36. False implication—Onus to prove 1024 37. False implication—plea of 1025 38. False statement filed by a party 1025 39. False statement 1026 40. False statement—Goods not declared 1026 41. Falsus in uno falsus in omnibus 1026 42. Falsus in uno falsus in omnibus—Applicability 1027 43. Fatal injury—determination of 1027 44. Federally Administered Tribal Areas 1027 45. Filing of affidavit by complainant regarding non-presence of accused at the spot at bail stage 1028 46. Filing of false statement and affidavit in Court 1028 47. Filing of supplementary reference 1028 48. Financial Monitoring Unit 1029 49. Findings or sentence reversible by reason of error or omission in charge or other proceedings 1029 49. Findings or sentence reversible by reason of error or omission in charge or other proceedings 1029 50. Fine and compensation—Quantum 1029 51. Fine—imposition of 1030 52. FIR did not carry signatures or thumb impression of complainant 1030 53. FIR prepared at the crime spot 1030 54. FIR was lodged after conducting an inquiry 1031 55. FIR was lodged after deliberation 1031 56. FIR was lodged against accused 1031 57. FIR was lodged without promptitude 1032 58. FIR—registration of 1032 59. First Information Report was lodged with a delay of about 2 months 1032 60. For the sentences to run concurrently 1032 61. Forefeiture of surety pond 1033 62. Forensic Laboratory's report 1033 63. Forensic report—non-production of 1033 64. Forensic report—value of 1033 65. Forensic Science Agency—report of 1034 66. Forfeiture of assets of an offender 1034 67. Forfeiture of assets of person convicted abroad 1034 68. Forfeiture of assets of pre-claimed offender 1036 69. Forfeiture of assets—Pre-condition 1036 70. Forfeiture of bond 1037 71. Forfeiture of cross-examination 1037 72. Forfeiture of surety bond 1037 73. Forgery and making a false statement 1038 74. Forgery for purpose of cheating 1038 75. Forgery—criminal misconduct 1038 76. Fractions of terms of punishment 1038 77. Framing and alteration of charge 1038 78. Framing of charge—requisites of 1039 79. Framing of one charge and trial of all references of same offences together 1040 80. Framing—altering and amendment in charge 1040 81. Fraudulently inducing to emigrate 1040 82. Freezing and forfeiture of assets 1041 83. Freezing of assets 1041 84. Frontier Crimes Regulations 1043 85. Further inquiry 1044 86. Further investigation 1044 G Sr. Page No. 1. Gaming—power to enter and search 1046 2. Gathering of evidence—Foreign requests 1046 3. General and special law 1047 4. General exceptions 1047 5. General rule and exception 1047 6. Giving false evidence and making false charge 1047 7. Giving false evidence by witness 1048 8. Giving false evidence 1048 9. Giving false evidence—prosecution for 1049 10. Giving up material witnesses 1049 11. Government Analyst Report 1049 12. Government analyst report—Deficiencies 1050 13. Government analyst report—preparation of 1050 14. Government Analyst—summoning of 1050 15. Government responsible for payment of Diyat 1050 16. Grant of bail and acceptance of surety bond 1051 17. Grant of bail on ground of illness 1051 18. Grant of bail on ground of statutory delay 1051 19. Grant of bail on medical ground 1052 20. Grant of bail 1052 21. Grant of compensation for heirs of the deceased 1054 22. Grant of remission 1054 23. Grant of remissions to the prisoners 1054 24. Grave and sudden provocation 1055 25. Grave and sudden provocation—plea of 1055 26. Guidelines to police officers 1057 27. Guilt—proof of 1057 H Sr. Page No. 1. Habeas corpus petition for recovery of detenu 1060 2. Habeas corpus petition 1060 3. Habeas corpus petition—competency of 1061 4. Habeas corpus proceedings 1061 5. Habeas corpus 1061 6. Habeas Corpus—Custody of minor 1062 7. Habeas corpus—Maintainability—Custody of minors 1062 8. Habeas Corpus—Nikahnama 1063 9. Habeas Corpus—writ of 1063 10. Harabah and receiving stolen property 1064 11. Harassment at workplace 1064 12. Hardened and desperate criminal 1064 13. Heinous nature of offence 1064 14. Heroin powder was recovered from the possession of accused 1064 15. High Court had dismissed the appeal 1064 16. High Court without discussing evidence 1065 17. High Court—jurisdiction of 1065 18. High Courts passing orders 1065 19. Hijacking 1066 20. Holding of trial in jail premises 1066 21. Honest investigation 1066 22. Hostile witnesses 1067 23. House-trespass—common intention 1067 I Sr. Page No. 1. Identification parade 1072 2. Identification parade—non-conducting of 1073 3. Illegal appointments—mens rea—absence of 1073 4. Illegal dispossession from property 1073 5. Illegal Dispossession 1074 6. Illegal dispossession—Co-sharers in land in dispute 1079 7. Illegal dispossession—criminal trespass 1080 8. Illegal gratification 1080 9. Illegal occupation of land 1080 10. Illegal pecuniary advantage—absence of 1081 11. Illegal pecuniary advantage 1081 12. Illegally continuing with investigation 1082 13. Impleading of parties—Jurisdiction of court 1082 14. Implicating innocent person in the cases 1082 15. Imprisonment in lieu of fine 1083 16. Impugned judgment was perfunctory 1083 17. Incident was un-witnessed 1083 18. Incompetent appeal 1084 19. Incomplete charge framed 1085 20. Inconsistencies in statements of witnesses 1085 21. Incorrect address—Trial in absentia 1085 22. Incorrect goods declarations 1086 23. Incriminating articles—non-producing of 1086 24. Incriminating evidence—absence of 1086 25. Incriminating material was not put to the accused during his examination 1087 26. Independent corroboration—non-availability of 1087 27. Information in non-cognizable cases 1087 28. Infringement of copyright 1088 29. Inherent jurisdiction of High Court 1089 30. Inherent powers and power of alteration of judgment by High Court 1097 31. Inherent powers of Chief Court under S. 561-A, Cr.P.C. 1097 32. Inherent powers of Chief Court 1097 33. Inherent powers of court 1098 34. Inherent powers of High Court 1098 35. Inheriting the right to compound offence 1105 36. Initiation of criminal proceedings 1106 37. Initiation of proceedings against sub-inspector 1107 38. Injured eyewitnesses had contradicted each other 1107 39. Inordinate delay in recording the statements of witnesses 1107 40. Inquiry and trial—Object 1107 41. Inquiry of the case as suspected case 1108 42. Insanity and unsoundness of accused 1108 43. Insanity—proof of 1109 44. Insertion of name in the Exit Control List 1109 45. Insertion of provisions of law governing the hurt 1109 46. Intent and object of Act 1110 47. Intentional lapses committed by police inspector during investigation to ensure advantage to the accused 1110 48. Interested witness 1111 49. Interim bail—confirmation of 1111 50. Interim bail—grant of 1111 51. Interim custody/Superdari of disputed harvester 1111 52. Interim relief—grant of 1112 53. Internment centers operating in erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas 1112 54. Interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceedings 1112 55. Intra court appeal—Maintainability 1113 56. Intra-Court Appeal 1113 57. Intra-Court appeal—Maintainability 1113 58. Investigating Officer acting in many capacities 1114 59. Investigating Officer being a neutral authority could not be a complainant and a witness in a case 1114 60. Investigating Officer had failed to collect any evidence of alleged 1114 61. Investigating Officer to submit final report under S. 173, Cr.P.C. 1115 62. Investigating officer—role of 1115 63. Investigating Officer's report cancelled the F.I.R. 1116 64. Investigation and discharge of case 1116 65. Investigation and procedure 1116 66. Investigation and re-investigation 1117 67. Investigation by an unauthorized officer is an irregularity 1117 68. Investigation by Crimes Investigation Agency 1117 69. Investigation conducted by complainant 1117 70. Investigation in cognizable and non-cognizable offences 1117 71. Investigation in cognizable case 1117 72. Investigation in cognizable/non-cognizable cases 1118 73. Investigation of case 1119 74. Investigation report—filing of 1119 75. Investigation—change of 1120 76. Investigation—change of—Final report not submitted 1120 77. Investigation—House search procedure 1120 78. Investigation—interference in 1121 79. Investigation—prosecution and trial 1121 80. Investigation—Term 1122 81. Investigation—transfer of 1122 82. Invoking inherent jurisdiction of High Court for cancellation of bail 1122 83. Involvement in fraudulent bank transactions 1123 84. Islamic Jurisprudence 1123 85. Islamic Law 1124 86. Islamic principle of dispensation of criminal justice 1124 87. Issuance of non-bailable warrants of arrest 1124 88. Issuance of notice by NAB 1125 89. Issuance of process 1126 90. Issue of public interest 1126 91. Issuing appropriate directions for registration of FIR or transfer of investigation 1127 J Sr. Page No. 1. Joint account holders—liability of 1129 2. Joint application for compromise 1130 3. Joint identification parade 1130 4. Joint trial for more than one offences not conducted 1131 5. Joint trial of juvenile offender and major offender 1131 6. Judgment in abscondence 1132 7. Judgment—Contents of 1132 8. Judicial confession before Magistrate 1133 9. Judicial confession before Magistrate—retraction of 1133 10. Judicial confession of accused 1133 11. Judicial confession 1134 12. Judicial confession—Infirmities 1138 13. Judicial confession—recording of 1139 14. Judicial confession—Retracted 1140 15. Judicial Magistrate had approved the charge sheet without applying his judicious mind 1141 16. Judicial Magistrate having acquitted accused 1141 17. Judicial powers—Fair trial—right of 1142 18. Judicial proceedings pending before High Court 1142 19. Judicial remand—setting aside of 1143 20. Jurisdiction conferred upon High Court under S.561-A, Cr.P.C. 1143 21. Jurisdiction of Accountability Court 1143 22. Jurisdiction of Anti-Terrorism Court 1144 23. Jurisdiction of Banking Court 1146 24. Jurisdiction of Chief Court 1148 25. Jurisdiction of court 1148 26. Jurisdiction of Enquiries 1149 27. Jurisdiction of ex officio Justice of Peace 1149 28. Jurisdiction of F.I.A. to register case 1149 29. Jurisdiction of Federal Shariat Court 1150 30. Jurisdiction of High Court 1152 31. Jurisdiction of Investigating Officer 1154 32. Jurisdiction of Juvenile Court 1155 33. Jurisdiction of Magistrate to try offence 1155 34. Jurisdiction of Special Court 1155 35. Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 1156 36. Jurisdiction of Trial Court challenged 1157 37. Jurisdiction of Trial Court 1158 38. Jurisdiction of Trial Court—determination of 1159 39. Jurisdictional defects 1159 40. Justice of Peace—powers of 1159 Note: The Case-law of 2025 are available on the following pages: 226, 227, 228, 229, 442, 443, 444, 445, 452, 455, 465, 602, 630, 765, 805, 830 & 870 ____________________

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